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UNIT No.
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References to All Units

Allen, J.C. and D.F. Barnes. 1985. The causes of deforestation in developing countries. Annals, Association of American Geographers 75:163-184.

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Blaikie, P. 1985. The political economy of soil erosion in development countries. New York: Longman/Wiley.

Blaikie, P. and H.C. Brookfield. 1987. Land degradation and society. London: Methuen.

Botkin, D.B. and E.A. Keller. 1987. Environmental studies: Earth as a living planet. 2nd ed. Columbus, OH: Merrill Publ. Co.

Brookfield, Harold. 1990. Personal communication to the ET Program, George Perkins Marsh Institute, Clark University: Worcester, MA.

Brown, L. 1974. By bread alone. New York: Praeger.

Brown, L. 1989. State of the earth. London, New York: W.W. Norton & Co.

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Canada. 1988. Wetlands of Canada. Ecological Land Classification Series, # 24. Ottawa, Ont.: Environment Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service, Sustainable Development, Conservation & Protection.

Carp, E. 1980. Directory of wetlands of international importance in the western palearctic. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.

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Chandler, T. 1987. Four thousand years of urban growth. 2nd ed. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press.

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Cowardin, L. et al. 1979. Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States. Washington, DC: US Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service.

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Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). 1983. State of food and agriculture 1982. Rome: FAO.

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).1984. Land, food, and people. Rome: FAO.

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)/United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). 1985. The forest resources of the ECE region. Rome: FAO/UNECE.

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Hart, J.F. 1984. Cropland Change in the United States. In: Resourceful earth, eds. J.L. Simon and H. Kahn, 224-249. Oxford: Blackwell.

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Horwitz, E.L. 1978. Our nation's wetlands: An interagency task force report. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.

Houghton, R.A. et al. 1983. Changes in the carbon content of terrestrial biota and soils between 1860 and 1980: A net release of CO2 to the atmosphere. Ecological Monographs 53: 235-62.

Karpowicz, Z. 1985. Wetlands in East Asia: A preliminary review and inventory. Cambridge, UK: International Council for Bird Preservation.

Kummer, David. 1990a. Personal communication to the ET Program, George Perkins Marsh Institute, Clark University: Worcester, MA.

Kummer, D.M. 1990b. Deforestation in the post-war Philippines. Ph.D. thesis, Boston University. Published by Geography Dept., Chicago, Ill: University of Chicago Press.

Lanly, J.P. 1983. Assessment of the forest resources of the tropics. Forestry Abstracts. 44, 3: 287-313.

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L'vovich, M.I. 1979. World water resources and their future. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union. Mathews, E. 1983. Global vegetation and land use. Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology 22: 474-487. McEvedy, C. and R. Jones. 1978. Atlas of world population history. London, Harmondsworth, NY: Penguin Books.

Meadows, D.H., D.L. Meadows, J. Randers, and W.W. Behrens III. 1972. The limits to growth. New York: Universe Books.

Meyer, W.B. 1995. Past and present land use and land cover in the USA. Consequences 1, 1: 24-33.

Meyer, W.B., Turner II, B.L., and S. Young. 1990. Human driving forces of global environmental change: The macro-scale approach. Research Paper for the Committee on the Human Dimensions of Global Change, NRC-CBASSE. Worcester, MA: Earth Transformed Program, Graduate School of Geography, Clark University.

Mitsch, W. and J. Gosselink. 1986. Wetlands. New York: Nostrand and Reinhold Co.

Nace, R.L. 1969. Water and man: A world view: The international hydrological decade. Paris: UNESCO.

Ojima, D.S., K.A. Galvin, and B.L. Turner II. 1994. The global impact of land use change. BioScience 44, 5: 300-304.

Petts, G.E. 1984. Impounded rivers: Perspective for ecological management. Chichester: Wiley.

Population Reference Bureau (PRB). 1990. Population and vital rates for ... countries. (World Population Data Sheets). Washington, DC: PRB, Information Service.

Revelle, R. 1984. The World Supply of Agricultural Land. In: Resourceful earth, eds. J.L. Simon and H. Kahn, 184-201. Oxford: Blackwell.

Richards, J.F. 1986. World environmental history and economic development. In: Sustainable development of the biosphere, eds. W.C. Clark and R.E. Munn, 53-71. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Richards, J.F. 1990. Land transformation. In: The earth as transformed by human action. Eds. B.L. Turner II et al., 163-178. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Richards, J.F., J. Olson, and R.M. Rotty. 1983. Development of a data base for carbon dioxide releases resulting from conversion of land to agricultural uses. ORAU/IEA-82- 10(M), ORNL/TM-8801 (Oak Ridge Associated Universities).

Rudel, T.K. 1989. Population, development, and tropical deforestation: A cross-national study. Rural Sociology 54, 3: 327-338.

Russell, I.C. 1895. Lakes of North America: A reading lesson for students of geography and geology. Boston, London: Ginn & Co.

Ruttan, V.W. 1971. Technology and the environment. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 53: 707-17.

Schwarz, Harry. 1990. Personal communication to the ET Program, George Perkins Marsh Institute, Clark University: Worcester, MA.

Scott, D.A. 1989. A directory of Asian wetlands. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN, The World Conservation Union.

Scott, D.A. and M. Carbonell. 1986. A directory of neotropical wetlands. Cambridge, UK: IUCN, Conservation Monitoring Centre.

Skole, David. 1990. Personal communication to the ET Program, George Perkins Marsh Institute, Clark University: Worcester, MA.

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Turner, Billie L. II. 1989. The human causes of global environmental change. In: Global change and our common future: Papers from a forum, eds. R.S. Defries and T. Malone, 90-99. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Turner II, B. L. and K.W. Butzer. 1992. The Columbian encounter and land use change. Environment 34, 8: 16-20, 37-44.

Turner II, B.L. and W. B. Meyer. 1991. Land use and land cover in global environmental change: Considerations for study. International Social Science Journal- 43: 669-679.

Turner II, B.L. et al. 1990. Two types of global environmental change. Global Environmental Change 1, 1: 14-22.

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United Nations. 1985. The prospects of world urbanization. New York: UN, Dept. of International Economic and Social Affairs.

United Nations. 1986. Statistical yearbook. New York: United Nations.

United Nations. 1990. Demographic yearbook 1988. New York: UN, Statistical Office.

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UNEP. 1987-1989. Environmental data report. Oxford.

UNESCO. 1989. Inventory and evaluation of tropical forest land: Guidelines for a common methodology. Tropenbos Technical Series, # 4. Ede, The Netherlands: Tropenbos Foundation and UNESCO, MAB Program.

US Congress, Office of Technological Assessment (OTA), 1982. Impacts of technology on land productivity. Washington, D.C.: US Department of Agriculture.

US Congress, Office of Technological Assessment (OTA), 1984. Wetlands: Their use and regulation. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.

US Corps of Engineers. 1987. Wetlands delineation manual: Final report. Technical Report 5- 87-1. Vicksburg, Mississippi: US Corps of Engineers.

US Forest Service. 1980. An assessment of the forest and rangeland situation in the United States. Washington, D.C.: US Department of Agriculture.

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Voropaev and Aviakan. 1986. Vodokhranilishcha I ikh vozdeistvie na okruzhainsh chuin sredn (Reservoirs and Their Impacts). Moscow: Akademiia nauk SSSR.

Watts, M. 1983. Silent violence: Food, famine, and peasantry in northern Nigeria. Berkeley: University of California Press.

WCED. 1987. Our common future. New York: Oxford University Press.

Whitby, M. and J. Ollernshaw, eds. 1988. Land use and the European environment. London & New York: Belhaven Press.

Williams, M. 1989. Deforestation: Past and present. Progress in Human Geography 13, 2: 176- 208.

Williams, M. 1990. Forests. In: The earth as transformed by human action, eds. Turner, B.L II et al., 179-202. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Williams, Michael. 1990. Personal communication to ET Program, Clark University, Worcester, MA.

Wong, J. 1978. The experience and potential for group farming in Asia. Singapore: Singapore University Press.

World Bank, 1984. China -- agriculture to the year 2000 -- prospects and options. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.

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Last Revised: 2/18/00 Robert E. Ford rford@igc.org